Health issues

By Liburdy RP, Sloma TR, Sokolic R, Yaswen P Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Life Science Division, Lawrence Berkley Laboratory, US Berkley, CA 9472 “These results provide the first evidence that ELF frequency magnetic fields can act at the cellular levels to enhance breast cancer cell proliferation by blocking melatonin’s natural oncostatic action. In addition, there appears to be a dose threshold between 2 and 12 mG.” View at PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8320637

By Harland JD, Liburdy RP Life Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley 94720, USA. “We have previously reported that environmental-level magnetic fields (1.2 microT [12 milligauss], 60 Hz) block the growth inhibition of the hormone melatonin (10(-9) M) on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in vitro. We now report that the same 1.2 microT, 60 Hz magnetic fields significantly block the growth inhibitory action of pharmacological levels of tamoxifen (10(-7) M).” View at PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9383244

“The US National Toxicology Program (NTP) has carried out extensive rodent toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) at frequencies and modulations used in the US telecommunications industry. This report presents partial findings from these studies. The occurrences of two tumor types in male Harlan Sprague Dawley rats exposed to RFR, malignant gliomas in the brain and schwannomas of the heart, were considered of particular interest, and are the subject of this report.”

Read overview one US Department of Health and Human services website – Read Abstract

Mina Ha, Hyoungjune Im, Mihye Lee, Hyun Joo Kim, Byung-Chan Kim, Yoon-Myoung Gimm and Jeong-Ki Pack
“A total of 1,928 leukemia patients, 956 brain cancer patients, and 3,082 controls were analyzed. … The odds ratio for all types of leukemia was 2.15 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 4.67) among children who resided within 2 km of the nearest AM radio transmitter as compared with those resided more than 20 km from it.”
Read Abstract

Adilza C. Dode et al
“Base Station (BS) clusters and deaths by neoplasia in the Belo Horizonte municipality have been identified. The mortality rate has been higher for the residents within an area of 500 m from the BS.” (Base Station means transmitter tower)
Read Abstract

Helen Dolk, Gavin Shaddick, Peter Walls, Chris Grundy, Bharat Thakrar, Immo Kleinschmidt and Paul Elliott
“The risk of adult leukemia within 2 km was 1.83”
Oxford Journals

Yakymenko I1, Sidorik E, Kyrylenko S, Chekhun V.
The carcinogenic effect of MW irradiation is typically manifested after long term (up to 10 years and more) exposure. Nevertheless, even a year of operation of a powerful base transmitting station for mobile communication reportedly resulted in a dramatic increase of cancer incidence among population living nearby. In addition, model studies in rodents unveiled a significant increase in carcinogenesis after 17-24 months of MW exposure both in tumor-prone and intact animals.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21716201

J R Goldsmith
“Four types of effects were originally reported in multiple studies: increased spontaneous abortion, shifts in red and white blood cell counts, increased
somatic mutation rates in lymphocytes, and increased childhood, testicular, and other cancers.”
“Therefore, prudent avoidance of unneeded exposures is recommended as a precautionary measure.”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1469943/

Hocking B, Gordon I, Grain JL, Hartfield GE.     Sydney study 1996 – “…there was little difference in incidence of brain cancer. For leukemia, however, the incidence rate ratio for adults was 1.24 (95% CI 1.09-1.40), whereas for children it was 1.58…”
View in John R. Goldsmith study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1469943/pdf/envhper00331-0192.pdf

Sohrabi et al, 2010. ‘The case group were living significantly closer to power lines (P<0.001). More than half of the cases were exposed to two or three types of power lines (P<0.02). Using logistic regression, odds ratio of 2.61 (95%CI: 1.73 to 3.94) calculated for less than 600 meters far from the nearest lines against more than 600 meters. This ratio estimated as 9.93 (95%CI: 3.47 to 28.5) for 123 KV, 10.78 (95%CI: 3.75 to 31) for 230 KV and 2.98 (95%CI: 0.93 to 9.54) for 400 KV lines. Odds of ALL decreased 0.61 for every 600 meters from the nearest power line. This study emphasizes that living close to high voltage power lines is a risk for ALL.’
Read Abstract with links to full text

Lois Mm. Green, A B Miller, P J Villeneuve, D A Agnew, M L Greenberg, J Li, et al “For children younger than 6 years at diagnosis, outside perimeter measurements of the residence, ≥0.15 μT (1.5mG), were associated with increased leukemia risk. … Our findings did not support an association between leukemia and proximity to power lines with high current configuration.” Read report on Wiley Online LIbrary: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/%28SICI%291097-0215%2819990719%2982:2%3C161::AID-IJC2%3E3.0.CO;2-X/full

Anne Louise Svendsen, T Weihkopf, P Kaatsch and J Schuz Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark “Inspired by a recent U.S. study showing poorer survival among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) exposed to magnetic fields above 0.3 μT, we examine this relationship in a German cohort of childhood leukemia cases… After adjustment for prognostic risk group, the hazard for exposures above 0.2 μT (2mG) increases to HR, 3.0 (95% CI, 0.9-9.8).” (300% increase) Read abstract at American Association for Cancer Research: http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/16/6/1167.short

Kabuto M, et al – National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan. kabuto@nies.go.jp
“…The odds ratio for children whose bedrooms had MF levels of 0.4 microT or higher compared with the reference category (MF levels below 0.1 microT) was 2.6 (95% CI=0.76-8.6) for AML (Acute myelocytic leukemia) + ALL (Acute lymphoblastic leukemia) and 4.7 (1.15-19.0) for ALL only. Ed: 2.6 means 160% more likely. 4.7 means 370% more likely.
View on PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496405

Alexander Lerchla, Melanie Klosea, Karen Grotea, Adalbert F.X. Wilhelmb, Oliver Spathmannc, Thomas Fiedlerc, Joachim Streckertc, Volkert Hansenc, Markus Clemens
“Numbers of tumors of the lungs and livers in exposed animals were significantly higher than in sham-exposed controls. In addition, lymphomas were also found to be significantly elevated by exposure. A clear dose–response effect is absent.” Exposure levels tested 0 (sham), 0.04, 0.4 and 2 W/kg SAR.
Read Abstract

Örjan Hallberg & Olle Johansson
“A correlation between melanoma incidence and the number of locally receivable FM transmitters was found. The authors concluded that melanoma is associated with exposure to FM broadcasting.”
Read abstract

Lennart Hardell, Michael Carlberg, Kjell Hansson Mild Department of Oncology, University Hospital, SE-701 85 Örebro, Sweden Department of Radiation Physics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden “…our review yielded a consistent pattern of an increased risk for glioma and acoustic neuroma after >10 year mobile phone use.” View abstract on PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19268551 View full report: http://www.mreengenharia.com.br/pathfisology/Pathophysiology_2009_Hardell.pdf

For this case–cohort analysis within the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study, 58 279 men and 62 573 women aged 55–69 years at enrolment in 1986 were followed up for 17.3 years on ALS mortality. Information on occupational history and potential confounders were collected at baseline through a self-administered questionnaire and entered for a random subcohort (2092 men and 2074 women) and ALS deaths (76 men and 60 women). Occupational exposure to solvents, pesticides, metals, extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) and electrical shocks was estimated by means of job exposure matrices (JEMs).

Occupational exposure to ELF-MF showed a possible association with ALS mortality among men: HR for ever holding a job with high exposure versus background 2.19 (95% (CI): 1.02 to 4.73) and HR for the highest tertile of cumulative exposure versus background 1.93 (95% CI 1.05 to 3.55).

These results strengthen the evidence suggesting a positive association between ELF-MF exposure and ALS.

View on BMJ Journals – Occupational & Environmental Medicine

NLi, DK, Chen H, Odouli R – Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Canada
Asthma was clinically diagnosed among 626 children who were followed up for as long as 13 years. All participants carried a meter to measure their MF levels during pregnancy.
RESULTS: …an increased risk of asthma in offspring: every 1-mG increase of maternal MF level during pregnancy was associated with a 15% increased rate of asthma in offspring. …compared with the children whose mothers had a low MF level (median 24-hour MF level, ≤0.3 mG) during pregnancy, children whose mothers had a high MF level (>2.0 mG) had more than a 3.5-fold increased rate of asthma … while children whose mothers had a medium MF level (>0.3-2.0 mG) had a 74% increased rate of asthma.
CONCLUSION: Our findings provide new epidemiological evidence that high maternal MF levels in pregnancy may increase the risk of asthma in offspring.
View at Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21810627

J R Goldsmith
“Four types of effects were originally reported in multiple studies: increased spontaneous abortion, shifts in red and white blood cell counts, increased
somatic mutation rates in lymphocytes, and increased childhood, testicular, and other cancers.”
“Therefore, prudent avoidance of unneeded exposures is recommended as a precautionary measure.”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1469943/

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For this case–cohort analysis within the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study, 58 279 men and 62 573 women aged 55–69 years at enrolment in 1986 were followed up for 17.3 years on ALS mortality. Information on occupational history and potential confounders were collected at baseline through a self-administered questionnaire and entered for a random subcohort (2092 men and 2074 women) and ALS deaths (76 men and 60 women). Occupational exposure to solvents, pesticides, metals, extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) and electrical shocks was estimated by means of job exposure matrices (JEMs).

Occupational exposure to ELF-MF showed a possible association with ALS mortality among men: HR for ever holding a job with high exposure versus background 2.19 (95% (CI): 1.02 to 4.73) and HR for the highest tertile of cumulative exposure versus background 1.93 (95% CI 1.05 to 3.55).

These results strengthen the evidence suggesting a positive association between ELF-MF exposure and ALS.

View on BMJ Journals – Occupational & Environmental Medicine – 2017

See 2 above

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“…Previously, the incidence of autism has been reported as 4-5 per 10,000 children. The most recent evidence indicates an increased incidence of about 1 per 500 children. … It is suggested that fetal or neo-natal exposures to radiofrequency radiation may be associated with an increased incidence of autism.” Read abstract at PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14962625 Read report here: http://www.emfbioeffects.org/report.html

Divan HA, Kheifets L, Obel C, Olsen J. Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA. “Exposure to cell phones prenatally-and, to a lesser degree, postnatally-was associated with behavioral difficulties such as emotional and hyperactivity problems around the age of school entry.” View at Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18467962?dopt=Abstract

Ahmed Y. Rezk, MD, Khaled Abdulqawi, MD, Randa M. Mustafa, MD, Tark M. Abo El-Azm, MD, Hesham Al-Inany, MD
From the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Rezk), Pediatrics (Abdulqawi), Physiology (Mustafa), and Cardiology (El-Azm), Benha Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Al-Inany), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Tel. +20 101469022. Fax. +20 013267080. E-mail: kaainih@link.net
“RESULTS: A statistical significant increase in fetal and neonatal HR, and statistical significant decrease in stroke volume and COP before and after use of mobile phone were noted. All these changes are attenuated with increase in gestational age.”
View on PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/  View full report: http://www.smj.org.sa/

Divan HA, Kheifets L, Obel C, Olsen J. Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA. “Exposure to cell phones prenatally-and, to a lesser degree, postnatally-was associated with behavioral difficulties such as emotional and hyperactivity problems around the age of school entry.” View at Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18467962?dopt=Abstract

Lois Mm. Green, A B Miller, P J Villeneuve, D A Agnew, M L Greenberg, J Li, et al “For children younger than 6 years at diagnosis, outside perimeter measurements of the residence, ≥0.15 μT (1.5mG), were associated with increased leukemia risk. … Our findings did not support an association between leukemia and proximity to power lines with high current configuration.” Read report on Wiley Online LIbrary: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/%28SICI%291097-0215%2819990719%2982:2%3C161::AID-IJC2%3E3.0.CO;2-X/full

Kabuto M, et al – National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan. kabuto@nies.go.jp
“…The odds ratio for children whose bedrooms had MF levels of 0.4 microT or higher compared with the reference category (MF levels below 0.1 microT) was 2.6 (95% CI=0.76-8.6) for AML (Acute myelocytic leukemia) + ALL (Acute lymphoblastic leukemia) and 4.7 (1.15-19.0) for ALL only. Ed: 2.6 means 160% more likely. 4.7 means 370% more likely.
View on PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496405

Anne Louise Svendsen, T Weihkopf, P Kaatsch and J Schuz Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark “Inspired by a recent U.S. study showing poorer survival among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) exposed to magnetic fields above 0.3 μT, we examine this relationship in a German cohort of childhood leukemia cases… After adjustment for prognostic risk group, the hazard for exposures above 0.2 μT (2mG) increases to HR, 3.0 (95% CI, 0.9-9.8).” (300% increase) Read abstract at American Association for Cancer Research: http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/16/6/1167.short

Fatemeh Shamsi Mahmoudabadi (Msc), Saeideh Ziaei (MD), Mohammad Firoozabadi (PhD), Anoshirvan Kazemnejad (PhD)
Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
RESULTS: The magnitude of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields in the participants´ houses was significantly different between the two groups (P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields exposure is probably related to early spontaneous abortions.
View abstract: http://journals.umsha.ac.ir/index.php/JRHS/article/view/848 Download full report

J R Goldsmith
“Four types of effects were originally reported in multiple studies: increased spontaneous abortion, shifts in red and white blood cell counts, increased
somatic mutation rates in lymphocytes, and increased childhood, testicular, and other cancers.”
“Therefore, prudent avoidance of unneeded exposures is recommended as a precautionary measure.”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1469943/

Nancy Wertheimer PhD, Ed Leeper – “Seasonal patterns were seen in fetal growth and in abortion rate for families using electrically heated beds. These patterns could be attributed to the seasonal use of heated beds. …seen only in users, and not in nonusers…”
View in Wiley Online Library, BioElectroMagnetics 1986: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bem.2250070103/abstract

NLi, DK, Chen H, Odouli R – Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Canada
Asthma was clinically diagnosed among 626 children who were followed up for as long as 13 years. All participants carried a meter to measure their MF levels during pregnancy.
RESULTS: …an increased risk of asthma in offspring: every 1-mG increase of maternal MF level during pregnancy was associated with a 15% increased rate of asthma in offspring. …compared with the children whose mothers had a low MF level (median 24-hour MF level, ≤0.3 mG) during pregnancy, children whose mothers had a high MF level (>2.0 mG) had more than a 3.5-fold increased rate of asthma … while children whose mothers had a medium MF level (>0.3-2.0 mG) had a 74% increased rate of asthma.
CONCLUSION: Our findings provide new epidemiological evidence that high maternal MF levels in pregnancy may increase the risk of asthma in offspring.
View at Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21810627

“…Previously, the incidence of autism has been reported as 4-5 per 10,000 children. The most recent evidence indicates an increased incidence of about 1 per 500 children. … It is suggested that fetal or neo-natal exposures to radiofrequency radiation may be associated with an increased incidence of autism.” Read abstract at PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14962625 Read report here: http://www.emfbioeffects.org/report.html

2014: Gorpinchenko I, Nikitin O, Banyra O, Shulyak A. – Institute of Urology at the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine
RESULTS: The number of spermatozoa with progressive movement in the group, influenced by electromagnetic radiation, is statistically lower than the number of spermatozoa with progressive movement in the group under no effect of the mobile phone. The number of non-progressive movement spermatozoa was significantly higher in the group, which was influenced by cell phone radiation. The DNA fragmentation was also significantly higher in this group.
CONCLUSIONS: A correlation exists between mobile phone radiation exposure, DNA-fragmentation level and decreased sperm motility.

Nancy Wertheimer PhD, Ed Leeper – “Seasonal patterns were seen in fetal growth and in abortion rate for families using electrically heated beds. These patterns could be attributed to the seasonal use of heated beds. …seen only in users, and not in nonusers…”
View in Wiley Online Library, BioElectroMagnetics 1986: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bem.2250070103/abstract

By Leila Roshangar and Jafar Soleimani – “There is no doubt that cell damages are the basis of all disorders occurs after EMF exposure. In support of our findings Sandra et al/ (Sandra et al. 2000) suggested that EMF-exposure might impair mammalian female reproductive potentiality by reducing the capacity of the follicles to reach a developmental stage that is an essential pre requisite for reproductive success…
…our results suggest that apoptosis plays a critical role in the degeneration of ovarian cortical tissue, luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium and stromal cells in uterus and luminal epithelium in fallopian tube. The present EMF-exposure model can be used when striving to find ways to improve the viability of ovarian tissue in order to grow follicles for subsequent IVF treatment, and or to protect reproductive organs from EMF effect. …”
View full report: http://www.intechopen.com/books/from-preconception-to-postpartum/environmental-electromagnetic-field-and-female-fertility

Dr Rita Ouellet-Hellstrom and Walter F Stewart, 1992 – “Of the microwave-exposed women, 47.7% had miscarriages prior to the 7th week of pregnancy compared to 14.5% of nonexposed women.”
View in Oxford Journals, American Journal of Epidemiology: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/138/10/775
View in John R. Goldsmith study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1469943/pdf/envhper00331-0192.pdf

By Leila Roshangar and Jafar Soleimani – “There is no doubt that cell damages are the basis of all disorders occurs after EMF exposure. In support of our findings Sandra et al/ (Sandra et al. 2000) suggested that EMF-exposure might impair mammalian female reproductive potentiality by reducing the capacity of the follicles to reach a developmental stage that is an essential pre requisite for reproductive success…
…our results suggest that apoptosis plays a critical role in the degeneration of ovarian cortical tissue, luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium and stromal cells in uterus and luminal epithelium in fallopian tube. The present EMF-exposure model can be used when striving to find ways to improve the viability of ovarian tissue in order to grow follicles for subsequent IVF treatment, and or to protect reproductive organs from EMF effect. …”
View full report: http://www.intechopen.com/books/from-preconception-to-postpartum/environmental-electromagnetic-field-and-female-fertility

2014: Gorpinchenko I, Nikitin O, Banyra O, Shulyak A. – Institute of Urology at the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine
RESULTS: The number of spermatozoa with progressive movement in the group, influenced by electromagnetic radiation, is statistically lower than the number of spermatozoa with progressive movement in the group under no effect of the mobile phone. The number of non-progressive movement spermatozoa was significantly higher in the group, which was influenced by cell phone radiation. The DNA fragmentation was also significantly higher in this group.
CONCLUSIONS: A correlation exists between mobile phone radiation exposure, DNA-fragmentation level and decreased sperm motility.